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- Las regiones, el servicio civil y el Congreso: puntos para construir una agenda legislativa - 17 de abril de 2021
El domingo pasado se celebraron las elecciones en nuestro país. Y sabiendo que los análisis se han centrado en los dos candidatos que pasaron a segunda vuelta en las presidenciales: Pedro Castillo y Keiko Fujimori; este artículo quiere enfocarse en el Congreso de la República. Es importante no olvidar el rol que desempeña esta institución en el mantenimiento del juego democrático y fortalecimiento institucional.
Los resultados preliminares del último domingo indican que 10 partidos políticos habrían ingresado. Así, la bancada con mayor cantidad de congresistas sería la de Perú Libre. El partido de Vladimir Cerrón ocupará 37 escaños, seguido de Fuerza Popular con 24, Acción Popular con 17, Alianza para el Progreso con 15, Renovación Popular con 13*, Avanza País con 7, Podemos Perú y Juntos por el Perú con 5, Somos Perú con 4 y el Partido Morado con 3*; conforme al avance mostrado en los resultados 2021 de decide bien.
Estamos frente a diez partidos que ingresan al Congreso, pero no por eso estamos frente a diez bancadas en el Congreso. El artículo N° 37 del Reglamento del Congreso es directo: solo pueden constituirse en grupos parlamentarios aquellos que cuenten con un número mínimo de cinco congresistas. De acuerdo con los resultados preliminares, ni el Partido Morado, ni Somos Perú serían bancadas. Por su puesto que estos últimos pueden buscarse alianzas y tener derecho a personal, recursos y ambientes, como otros beneficios que otorga formar parte de un grupo parlamentario si es que decidieran unirse. Por lo que este número de 8 bancadas podría crecer o mantenerse dependiendo de lo que decidan en el interior de los partidos políticos.
Al iniciar labores, el Congreso del Bicentenario y el Poder Ejecutivo tendrán un panorama difícil por delante. En Perú estamos viviendo la peor crisis sanitaria de nuestra historia moderna, nunca hemos estado frente a tantas pérdidas, nunca hemos afrontado un problema de esta magnitud distanciados, lo que acompañado de una crisis económica severa que ha dejado a miles de personas sin empleo nos hace pensar en lo trágico de la situación. Frente a esto el Estado ha fallado, ha fallado a nivel distrital, regional y nacional. Y es por eso que para mí son dos los temas que de ninguna manera podrían quedar fuera de la discusión en estos cinco años que vienen: El problema de las regiones y gobiernos locales y el problema del servicio civil.
Sobre el primer punto, el año pasado el Poder Ejecutivo tuvo que intervenir regiones mediante Decretos de Urgencia con la finalidad de controlar la pandemia, considerando un manejo deficiente en muchas de ellas. De acuerdo con lo que indican los GORE, en parte fue por falta de recursos pero, también a que la pandemia sobrepasó su capacidad de reacción y gestión. Frente a esto en la Comisión de Descentralización, Regionalización, Gobiernos Locales y Modernización del Estado se debe abordar esta situación e iniciar discusiones sobre lo que se debe hacer con las competencias que tienen las regiones y municipalidades en temas como salud y educación; ¿se debe pensar en una recentralización de competencias? (un retroceso o un avance para ordenar el estado actual de la situación) O acaso sería mejor ir al origen del problema y mejorar la representación con una reforma para que únicamente a través de partidos políticos se pueda acceder a cargos a nivel regional y local y fortalecer los partidos políticos a nivel regional y local. Una discusión que este Congreso deberá abordar de la mano con el Poder Ejecutivo, para que con base en evidencia se pueda tomar una decisión política que permita asegurar servicios básicos de calidad a la ciudadanía.
Por otra parte, se tiene a la reforma del servicio civil. El actual Congreso de la República eliminó el régimen CAS y con eso se paralizaron cientos de concursos públicos a nivel nacional. Se puede observar que, a pesar de tener las mejores intenciones, no se tuvo en cuenta las consecuencias que esta aprobación iba a tener en el corto plazo en las entidades públicas. Sin embargo, el pase automático de trabajadores de un régimen a otro no garantiza servidores y funcionarios óptimos. Hoy más que nunca se necesita empezar a trabajar en las capacidades que deben tener los servidores públicos y los beneficios que estos le aportan a los ciudadanos. En el Perú, se tiene un serio problema de adecuada gestión pública, se debe trabajar en mejorar las capacidades y competencias de las personas que laboran en el Estado. La pandemia ha mostrado que la incapacidad ha desempeñado un papel importante en nuestra tragedia. No se puede permitir que pasen cinco años más sin abordar la necesaria reforma del servicio civil con todas las consecuencias que eso implicaría.
Si bien el Congreso debe tener como prioridad, el apoyo al Poder Ejecutivo y la adecuada fiscalización de la actuación estatal durante la pandemia. No podemos olvidar, ni dejar de lado las necesarias reformas que este país necesita para al fin poder empezar a salir de la precariedad institucional en la que nos encontramos.
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